Aim
Cancer-related cognitive impairment is a recognised adverse consequence of cancer and its treatment but there is little research including patients with aggressive lymphoma. The aim of this study is to describe self-reported cognitive function and neuropsychological performance in a lymphoma population and compare their function and performance with healthy controls. We also examine the associations between patients’ neuropsychological performance, cognitive function and distress.
Method
Secondary analysis of data from a longitudinal feasibility study of 30 patients with newly diagnosed aggressive lymphoma, and a cohort study that included 72 healthy controls was undertaken. Patients completed self-report measures and neuropsychological tests before and 6-8 weeks after chemotherapy, including the PROMIS Anxiety 7a/Depression 8b and FACT-Cog; and the Trail Making Test, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, and WAIS-R Digit Span. Healthy controls completed the FACT-Cog and neuropsychological tests at study enrolment and six months later. Mixed models were used to analyse FACT-Cog and neuropsychological test scores. Kendall’s Tau provided a measure of association between global deficit scores and scores from other measures.
Results
Patients and healthy controls were well matched on key demographic variables. Most differences between patients’ and healthy controls’ neuropsychological test scores were large-sized; the performance of patients was worse both before and after chemotherapy (most p<0.001). The same pattern of results was observed for the impact of perceived cognitive impairment on quality-of-life (both p<0.001), but not perceived cognitive impairment or abilities (all p>0.10). Associations between neuropsychological performance, self-reported cognitive function and distress were trivial to small-sized (all p>0.10).
Conclusion
For many patients with aggressive lymphoma, impaired neuropsychological test performance and the impact of perceived impairments on quality-of-life precede chemotherapy and are sustained 6-8 weeks after chemotherapy. Our data support the need for further longitudinal studies in this population to inform development of targeted interventions to address cognitive impairment.