Aims: Radiotherapy for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) is associated with significant physical impacts and high rates of distress. This study aimed to (1) develop a stepped model of prehabilitation care (Prep-4-RT) designed to prepare HNC patients for the physical and psychological impacts of radiotherapy, including the co-design of self-management prehabilitation resources; and (2) evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of Prep-4-RT in clinical practice.
Methods: The research team developed the Prep-4-RT model of care, including conducting three co-design workshops with consumers and health professionals to develop and assess acceptability of the prehabilitation self-management resources. Then, a single site feasibility study was conducted over 24-weeks with HNC patients scheduled for radiotherapy. All patients received self-management resources and were screened for malnutrition, dysphagia, sarcopenia, physical impairment and mental health concerns. At-risk patients were stepped-up/referred for specialist prehabilitation with relevant health professionals. Patients and health professionals completed program evaluation surveys. Feasibility outcomes included adoption (uptake and intention to try), acceptability and satisfaction.
Results: Twenty-one consumers and health professionals reached a consensus and developed and endorsed a suite of self-management resources on five priority areas. For the feasibility study, the majority of patients consented to screening (65/68, 96%; uptake), with 38 of those consented, assigned to specialist prehabilitation and 93% of valid specialist referrals accepted (intention to try), exceeding our feasibility criterion of 70%. Of those patients who completed the acceptability and satisfaction surveys (n=33 and n=29 respectively), 100% rated Prep-4-RT self-management and specialist prehabilitation pathways as acceptable/very acceptable and mostly/very satisfied. Nine of 10 health professionals rated Prep-4-RT as acceptable/very acceptable and rates of self-reported acceptability and satisfaction also exceeded pre-specified feasibility criterion (≥70%).
Conclusions: The Prep-4-RT stepped-care model is a feasible and acceptable model of prehabilitation for HNC patients prior to radiotherapy. Further evaluation is required to determine its impact on clinical and health service outcomes.