Most patients with newly diagnosed melanoma have resectable disease and are potentially cured by surgery. However, regional nodal and/or distant relapses can occur after curative-intent resection. Postoperative adjuvant therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors improves RFS and DMFS in patients at high risk of melanoma. Fianlimab (anti-LAG-3) and cemiplimab (anti-PD-1) are high-affinity, fully human monoclonal antibodies that, combined, have shown high clinical activity in patients with advanced melanoma. The combination of relatlimab (anti-LAG-3) and nivolumab (anti-PD-1) has also shown superiority over nivolumab in advanced melanoma. These observations provide a rationale for use of fianlimab plus cemiplimab for 1L metastatic melanoma (Phase 3 study, NCT05352672) and high-risk adjuvant melanoma (presented in this abstract).
This three-way, double-blind, Phase 3 international trial (NCT05608291) will compare fianlimab + cemiplimab with pembrolizumab as adjuvant therapy in high-risk, resected melanoma. Key eligibility criteria: aged ≥12 years; Stage IIc, III, or IV (all M-stages) histologically confirmed melanoma resected ≤12 weeks before randomization; no systemic anticancer or radiation adjuvant therapy for melanoma within 5 years; no evidence of metastatic disease; ECOG PS 0/1 (adults), Karnofsky PS >70 (≥16 years), or Lansky PS >70 (<16 years).
About 1,530 patients will be randomized 1:1:1 to Arms A, B, or C and receive study treatment Q3W intravenously for 1 year: Arm A, cemiplimab + fianlimab dose 1; Arm B, cemiplimab + fianlimab dose 2; Arm C, pembrolizumab + placebo. The trial will be stratified by disease stage (IIIA vs. IIC-IIIB-IIIC vs. IIID-IV [M1a/b] vs. IV [M1c/d]), and geographical location (North America vs. Europe vs. Rest of World). The primary endpoint is investigator-assessed RFS. Secondary endpoints include efficacy (OS, DMFS, melanoma-specific survival), safety (TEAEs, interruption or discontinuation of drugs due to TEAEs), pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, and patient-reported outcomes. First analysis will be performed when 242 RFS events have been observed.