Aim: To determine potential adjuvant atezolizumab eligibility rates among non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients enrolled in a multi-site registry. Atezolizumab has been PBS-subsidised since November 2022 for resected stage II-IIIa NSCLC patients with PD-L1≥50%, with no EGFR/ALK gene abnormalities (confirmed on tumour testing) who have been treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. EGFR and ALK FISH tissue testing are not currently MBS-reimbursed for squamous cell carcinoma lung (SqCC). The proportion of patients who undergo genomic testing and are eligible for PBS-subsidised atezolizumab treatment in Australian hospitals is unknown.
Methods: Patients enrolled in the multi-site INHALE lung cancer registry between February 2020 and January 2023 at four Australian sites (n=448) were retrospectively analysed. NSCLC patients who underwent surgical resection were included (n=115) and analysed for stage, genomic testing, treatment details, and outcomes.
Results: 90/115 resected NSCLC patients were treated with curative-intent. 77/90 had non-squamous histology. 63/90 received surgery alone, 25/90 received adjuvant systemic therapy and/or radiotherapy, and 2/90 received neo-adjuvant systemic therapy and/or radiotherapy. 70/90 curative-intent resected patients had PD-L1 testing. 56/90 underwent genomic testing. Of the 70 PD-L1 tested patients, 8 were PD-L1≥50%. One patient met current PBS-eligibility criteria for adjuvant atezolizumab. Reasons for being ineligible were: stage I tumour n=3, EGFR/ALK test not done n=2 (1 SqCC), and did not receive platinum-based chemotherapy n=2 (1 no EGFR/ALK mutations, 1 EGFR/ALK test not done).
Conclusion: In this real-world analysis of resected NSCLC patients, very few routine care patients were eligible for PBS-subsidised atezolizumab. We anticipate that PD-L1 and genomic testing rates will increase in response to the availability of adjuvant atezolizumab on the PBS and as evidence supporting neo-adjuvant/adjuvant use of immunotherapy and/or targeted agents continues to emerge. The discrepancy between PBS-eligibility requirements and MBS genomic testing reimbursement warrants review.