Aims: In two cohorts with advanced PD-(L)1 naïve metastatic melanoma, an ORR of 63.8% was previously reported with anti-LAG-3 (fianlimab) + anti-PD-1 (cemiplimab) treatment (NCT03005782); we present Phase 1 safety and clinical activity data, including patients who received prior adjuvant systemic treatment.
Methods: The analysis population included three expansion cohorts with unresectable/metastatic melanoma who were anti-PD-(L)1 treatment-naïve for advanced disease. Patients received fianlimab 1600 mg + cemiplimab 350 mg intravenously Q3W for 12 months, plus a further 12 months if clinically indicated.
Results: 98 patients were enrolled and treated (Nov 1, 2022 data cutoff); 2% had received prior metastatic treatment (not anti-PD-(L)1) and 24% prior adjuvant/neoadjuvant treatment (anti-PD-1, 13%), with 6 months’ disease-free interval. Median follow up was 12.6 months; median treatment duration was 33 weeks. Grade ≥3 TEAEs, serious TEAEs, and irAEs occurred in 44%, 33%, and 65% of patients, respectively; 16% of patients discontinued treatment due to TEAEs. Rates of irAEs were similar to rates for anti-PD-1 monotherapy, except for adrenal insufficiency (all grades, 11%; grade ≥3, 4%). Overall ORR was 61% (60/98; CR, n=12; PR, n=48), with mDOR NR (95% CI: 23–NE). KM estimation of mPFS was 15 (95% CI: 9–NE) months. In patients with any prior adjuvant treatment, ORR, mDOR, and mPFS were 61% (14/23), NR, and 13 months, respectively. In patients with prior anti-PD-1 adjuvant treatment, ORR, mDOR, and mPFS were 62% (8/13), NR, and 12 months, respectively.
Conclusions: In advanced melanoma patients, fianlimab + cemiplimab showed high clinical activity that compares favorably with other approved combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the same clinical setting. This is the first indication that dual LAG-3 blockade can produce high levels of activity following adjuvant anti-PD-1 treatment. A Phase 3 trial (NCT05352672) of fianlimab + cemiplimab in treatment-naïve patients with advanced melanoma is ongoing.