Background: Complications following oesophago-gastric cancer surgery are a frequent occurrence. Baseline comorbidities and reduced cardiorespiratory fitness and physical function increase rates of postoperative complications. Oesophago-gastric cancer patients undergoing prehabilitation, including exercise training (EXT), experience improved cardiorespiratory fitness and physical functioning; however, whether EXT reduces complication rates is unknown. We investigated the effect of EXT on postoperative complication rates and other surgical and physical outcomes in adults preparing for oesophago-gastric cancer surgery.
Methods: A single-centre comparative retrospective and prospective study recruited patients with oesophago-gastric cancer with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy/radiotherapy into an EXT program. Participants were compared against their baseline data and to a set of historical controls who did not undergo prehabilitation from 2016-2021 (HC, n=287). EXT was performed twice weekly for three months at moderate to vigorous exercise intensities. Postoperative surgical outcomes included respiratory and cardiac complication rates, days in ICU, textbook outcomes, postoperative length of stay, complication grade and 30-day hospital stay. Physical outcomes assessed at baseline and prior to surgery included cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen uptake, six-minute walk test) and physical function measures (sit-to-stand, grip strength).
Results: Twenty-one participants completed prehabilitation (81% male, age 66.5+10.2 years). EXT reduced cardiac complication rates (HC 29% vs. EXT 5%, p=0.01), days in ICU (3.5+4.0 vs. 1.9+2.4 days, p<0.001) and improved textbook outcomes (19% vs. 43%, p=0.02), compared with HC. No differences in other surgical outcomes (all, p>0.05) were detected between EXT and HC. Compared with baseline, no differences were detected in physical outcomes; however, trivial to medium effects (Cohens d=0.02-0.58) were observed in favour of the EXT.
Conclusion: Preliminary data suggests that EXT reduces postoperative complications following oesophago-gastric cancer surgery compared to HC. However, further research is needed to explore the impact of prehabilitation on postoperative outcomes in larger sample sizes to confirm these initial findings.