Aims: To examine the level of and factors associated with financial toxicity (FT) in rural cancer survivors.
Methods: We conducted a facility-based cross-sectional study among cancer survivors who had medical oncology follow-up over 2017-2019 at a regional hospital in Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. Eligible participants had completed curative treatment for lymphoma, breast, prostate or colorectal cancer. Participants self-completed instruments measuring FT (COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity-Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy [COST-FACIT]), health-related quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General [FACT-G]), distress (NCCN Distress Thermometer) and supportive care needs (NCCN Problem List). Non-normally distributed COST-FACIT scores were dichotomised at the median (32), for use as an FT outcome in logistic regression.
Results: Overall, 267 cancer survivors were eligible and 208 completed the COST-FACIT. Of 208 participants, most were female (65%), married (54%), had breast cancer (56%), had a concession card (79%) and retired (55%). The mean (standard deviation [SD]) COST-FACIT score was 31.0 (9.7) on a scale of 0-44, where higher scores denote better financial wellbeing. The highest mean item-specific COST-FACIT score of 3.3 (1.1) out of 4 was observed for unconcern about keeping my job while the lowest mean (SD) item-specific COST-FACIT scores of 2.3 (1.5) and 2.3 (1.6) were observed for satisfaction with one’s financial situation and control of financial situation, respectively. Additionally, the overall FACT-G score was positively correlated with COST-FACIT score (r=0.507, p-value<0.001). Family problems (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=4.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.44-15.59) and non-retired (aOR=3.45, 95% CI=1.08-11.02) were associated with significantly greater FT (i.e. COST-FACIT scores ≤32). Factors unrelated to FT in multivariable logistic regression included age, born overseas, <year 12 education, gender, marital-status, cancer-type and having a carer.
Conclusion: Greater FT was associated with non-retirement status and family problems. Rural cancer survivors have unmet, interrelated financial and supportive care needs.