Aim: The aim of this research was to quantify palliative care costs of cancer patients in the public acute care setting in Queensland, Australia.
Methods: The study cohort comprised population-level data of Queensland residents, diagnosed with a first primary malignancy between 1997 and 2015 who underwent palliative care in a public acute hospital setting between July 2012- December 2016. Administrative databases were linked with cancer registry records to capture health service utilization. Health service costs were analysed using a bottom-up costing approach on a cohort as well as patient-level.
Results: A total of N=17,012 individuals with a history of cancer underwent palliative care in a public acute setting during the study period, of which 94.7% received palliative care due to cancer and 76% died in hospital. Total expenditure on a cohort level over 4.5yrs was AU$262.6 million with highest total palliative care costs for lung (AU$49 m), colorectal (AU$31.5 m) and prostate cancer (AU$27.8m). Highest mean cost per person were incurred by individuals with a history of brain (AU$21,950, SD 23,370) and cervical cancer (AU$19,424, SD 22,629). Palliative care costs were the highest for younger age groups 0-24yrs (AU$20,951 mean total cost, SD 29,150) and steadily decreased with age (lowest for 90yrs+ (AU$12,293, SD 14,291). Individuals accessing palliative services in major cities and inner regional areas had lower mean costs and shorter LoS (AU$14,800, LoS: 8.3 days) compared to patients in outer regional (AU$18,000, LoS: 11.1 days), remote (AU$22,350, LoS: 13.2 days) and very remote areas (AU$28,000, LoS: 14.3 days).
Conclusions: Palliative care was accessed by around ~4,000 cancer patients/year. More research is needed to determine causality of factors contributing to a high economic burden. This research may support future programs and investments in end-of-life care to optimise patient outcomes and to reduce the economic burden.